Luzin N Property
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mathematics Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics ...
, a function ''f'' on the interval 'a'', ''b''has the Luzin N property, named after
Nikolai Luzin Nikolai Nikolaevich Luzin (also spelled Lusin; rus, Никола́й Никола́евич Лу́зин, p=nʲɪkɐˈlaj nʲɪkɐˈlaɪvʲɪtɕ ˈluzʲɪn, a=Ru-Nikilai Nikilayevich Luzin.ogg; 9 December 1883 – 28 January 1950) was a Soviet/Ru ...
(also called Luzin property or N property) if for all N\subset ,b/math> such that \lambda(N)=0, there holds: \lambda(f(N))=0, where \lambda stands for the
Lebesgue measure In measure theory, a branch of mathematics, the Lebesgue measure, named after French mathematician Henri Lebesgue, is the standard way of assigning a measure to subsets of ''n''-dimensional Euclidean space. For ''n'' = 1, 2, or 3, it coincides wit ...
. Note that the image of such a set ''N'' is not necessarily
measurable In mathematics, the concept of a measure is a generalization and formalization of Geometry#Length, area, and volume, geometrical measures (length, area, volume) and other common notions, such as mass and probability of events. These seemingly ...
, but since the Lebesgue measure is
complete Complete may refer to: Logic * Completeness (logic) * Completeness of a theory, the property of a theory that every formula in the theory's language or its negation is provable Mathematics * The completeness of the real numbers, which implies t ...
, it follows that if the Lebesgue
outer measure In the mathematical field of measure theory, an outer measure or exterior measure is a function defined on all subsets of a given set with values in the extended real numbers satisfying some additional technical conditions. The theory of outer mea ...
of that set is zero, then it is measurable and its Lebesgue measure is zero as well.


Properties

Any differentiable function has the Luzin N property.Rudin, Real and Complex analysis
Lemma 7.25 implies this This extends to functions that are differentiable on a
cocountable set In mathematics, a cocountable subset of a set ''X'' is a subset ''Y'' whose complement in ''X'' is a countable set. In other words, ''Y'' contains all but countably many elements of ''X''. Since the rational numbers are a countable subset of th ...
, as the image of a countable set is countable and thus a null set, but not to functions differentiable on a
conull set In measure theory, a conull set is a set whose complement is null, i.e., the measure of the complement is zero. For example, the set of irrational numbers is a conull subset of the real line with Lebesgue measure. A property that is true of th ...
: The
Cantor function In mathematics, the Cantor function is an example of a function that is continuous, but not absolutely continuous. It is a notorious counterexample in analysis, because it challenges naive intuitions about continuity, derivative, and measure. Th ...
does not have the Luzin N property, as the Lebesgue measure of the
Cantor set In mathematics, the Cantor set is a set of points lying on a single line segment that has a number of unintuitive properties. It was discovered in 1874 by Henry John Stephen Smith and introduced by German mathematician Georg Cantor in 1883. Thr ...
is zero, but its image is the complete ,1interval. A function ''f'' on the interval 'a'',''b''is
absolutely continuous In calculus, absolute continuity is a smoothness property of functions that is stronger than continuity and uniform continuity. The notion of absolute continuity allows one to obtain generalizations of the relationship between the two central ope ...
if and only if it is
continuous Continuity or continuous may refer to: Mathematics * Continuity (mathematics), the opposing concept to discreteness; common examples include ** Continuous probability distribution or random variable in probability and statistics ** Continuous ...
, is of
bounded variation In mathematical analysis, a function of bounded variation, also known as ' function, is a real-valued function whose total variation is bounded (finite): the graph of a function having this property is well behaved in a precise sense. For a conti ...
and has the Luzin N property.


References


External links


Luzin-N-property
in the ''
Encyclopedia of Mathematics The ''Encyclopedia of Mathematics'' (also ''EOM'' and formerly ''Encyclopaedia of Mathematics'') is a large reference work in mathematics Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structu ...
'' Real analysis Measure theory {{mathanalysis-stub